The finite lifetimes of these states can be deduced from the shapes of spectral lines observed in atomic emission spectra. Mary-Louise Parker and Denis Arndt make an explosive couple in Heisenberg, on Broadway. These movies are supposed to be about a smart alecy guy who can shrink himself down to the size of an ant to solve crimes, not the Heisenberg principle. To illustrate, consider the excited states of an atom. Heisenbergs uncertainty principle is a very precise mathematical statement about the nature of a quantum system. The reason is that the frequency of a state is inversely proportional to time and the frequency connects with the energy of the state, so to measure the energy with good precision, the state must be observed for many cycles. Nevertheless, the general meaning of the energy-time principle is that a quantum state that exists for only a short time cannot have a definite energy. The Heisenberg uncertainty principle introduces the larger > relation instead of equality, which is an assumption that does not exist within the classical electromagnetic description. For technical reasons beyond this discussion.
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